2 Samuel 8:4

Authorized King James Version

And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּלְכֹּ֨ד
took
to catch (in a net, trap or pit); generally, to capture or occupy; also to choose (by lot); figuratively, to cohere
#2
דָּוִד֙
and David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#3
מִמֶּ֗נּוּ
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#4
אֶ֖לֶף
from him a thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#5
וּשְׁבַע
chariots and seven
seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
#6
מֵ֥אָה
hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#7
פָּֽרָשִׁ֔ים
horsemen
a steed (as stretched out to a vehicle, not single nor for mounting ); also (by implication) a driver (in a chariot), i.e., (collectively) cavalry
#8
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים
and twenty
twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth
#9
אֶ֖לֶף
from him a thousand
hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousand
#10
אִ֣ישׁ
footmen
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#11
רַגְלִ֑י
a footman (soldier)
#12
וַיְעַקֵּ֤ר
houghed
to pluck up (especially by the roots); specifically, to hamstring; figuratively, to exterminate
#13
דָּוִד֙
and David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#14
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#15
כָּל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#16
רָֽכֶב׃
all the chariot
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone
#17
וַיּוֹתֵ֥ר
horses but reserved
to jut over or exceed; by implication, to excel; (intransitively) to remain or be left; causatively to leave, cause to abound, preserve
#18
מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
properly, a part of; hence (prepositionally), from or out of in many senses
#19
מֵ֥אָה
hundred
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
#20
רָֽכֶב׃
all the chariot
a vehicle; by implication, a team; by extension, cavalry; by analogy a rider, i.e., the upper millstone

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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